Amino Acid Oxidation of Whole-Food Protein: a Dose-Response Crossover Trial in Young Adults

The purpose of this study is to assess the amino acid oxidation dose-response relationship of ingested whole-food protein in healthy adults. In a randomized, crossover design, 20 young, healthy adult males and females aged 18-35 years, will consume a dinner consisting of 0.32, 0.74, and 1.32 g protein･kg BM-1 (corresponding to 1, 2, and 4 minced beef patties, respectively) during 3 separate experimental trials.The main study endpoint is the amino acid oxidation of ingested protein over a 24-h period.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged between 18-35 years * BMI between 18.5-30 kg/m2 * Healthy, recreationally active (exercise at least once per two weeks and a maximum of four days per week) * No physical limitations (i.e., able to perform all activities associated with daily living independently) Exclusion Criteria: * Smoking * Vegan, vegetarian, or does not consume beef protein * Diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders * Use of any medications known to affect protein metabolism (i.e., corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or prescribed acne medications) * Chronic use of gastric acid-suppressing medication or anti-coagulants * Unstable weight over the last three months * Diagnosed GI tract disorders or diseases * Blood donation in the past 2 months * Females: pregnancy