Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery

This observational study aims to evaluate the effect of menstrual cycle phase on optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in women undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Patients will be grouped according to menstrual cycle phase as follicular or luteal. ONSD measurements will be performed perioperatively, and postoperative nausea and vomiting as well as postoperative cognitive function will also be assessed. The study is designed to investigate whether hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle are associated with differences in intracranial pressure reflected by ONSD measurements and postoperative outcomes

Inclusion Criteria: * Female patients aged 18 to 45 years * Scheduled for elective laparoscopic gynecologic surgery * Menstrual cycle in the follicular phase or luteal phase * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II Exclusion Criteria: * Irregular menstrual cycle (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, early menopause, hypothalamic amenorrhea) * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Neurological disease associated with intracranial pressure changes * Glaucoma or another eye disease associated with high intraocular pressure * Previous brain surgery * Uncontrolled hypertension or severe cardiovascular disease