ADHERE Trial: Strategies to Improve Mobile App Adherence

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two communication interventions, compared to standard app notifications, in increasing adherence to a mobile health app among individuals with chronic low back pain. The main question it aims to answer is: Do phone calls or text messages increase adherence compared to app notifications in patients receiving a digital health intervention for chronic back pain? Participants will: A) Receive pain education and clinical hypnosis via a mobile app for managing chronic LBP; B) Will be contacted up to twice via phone call or text message, or they will only receive standard notifications from the app.

Inclusion Criteria: * Experiencing non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP), defined as pain between the 12th rib and the buttock crease. * LBP with or without leg pain (in case of leg pain, LBP is worse than leg pain). * Currently consulting with a general practitioner for their non-specific chronic LBP across Australia. * Mean pain intensity score on the Numeric Rating Scale ≥ 3/10 in the past week. * A score of at least moderate on question 8 of the physical functioning component of the SF-36 questionnaire. * Access to a mobile device with minimal requirements to download the study app (300MB). * An internet connection to access the mobile app functionalities. * Able to understand English via reading and audio materials. * Randomised to experimental group at NOTUS Trial. Exclusion Criteria: * Known or suspected specific spinal (e.g., radiculopathy, fracture) or specific non-spinal non- (e.g., tumour, infection) pathology. * Less than six months post-spinal surgery. * Scheduled for major surgery during the program or the follow-up period. * Known or suspected serious psychiatric condition not being treated by a health professional that would impact adherence to the trial activities. * Known or suspected sight or hearing problems that would limit access to the intervention components (reading and listening using headphones).